立法动态 Judicial News

1. 最高法发布依法妥善办理涉疫情执行案件指导意见

SPC Releases Guiding Opinions for Law-based and Proper Handling of COVID-19-related Enforcement Cases

背景摘要：近日，最高人民法院下发《关于依法妥善办理涉新冠肺炎疫情执行案件若干问题的指导意见》（下称《意见》）。

Background Information：The Supreme People's Court ("SPC") has recently distributed the Guiding Opinions on Several Issues concerning Law-based and Proper Handling of Enforcement Cases Related to the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Epidemic (the "Opinions").

《意见》共十条，其主要内容如下：一、充分发挥执行工作的服务保障作用。二、依法中止申请执行时效。三、准确把握查封措施的法律界限。四、有效防止执行财产被低价处置。五、依法执行疫情期间减免租金的政策规定。六、强化应用执行和解制度。七、精准适用失信惩戒和限制消费措施。八、合理减免被执行人加倍部分债务利息。九、充分发挥破产和解、重整制度的保护功能。十、充分利用信息化手段推动执行工作。其中，《意见》要求，坚决禁止超标的查封，严禁违法查封案外人财产，畅通财产查控的救济渠道，加大监督力度，切实防止违法执行或采取过度执行措施影响企业财产效用发挥和企业正常运营。

The Opinions contain ten articles and mainly touch upon issues in ten aspects: 1. giving full play to the service and guarantee role of enforcement; 2. suspending, in accordance with the law, the limitation period for applying for enforcing a judgment; 3. accurately understanding the scope of seizure measures defined under the law; 4. effectively preventing the disposal of property that is subject to enforcement, at low prices; 5. implementing, in accordance with the law, the rent relief policy during the epidemic period; 6. strengthening the application of the enforcement reconciliation system; 7. accurately applying disciplinary actions against discreditable behaviors and limits on consumption; 8. reducing the interest accrued on the punitive amount due by the party subject to enforcement; 9. giving full play to the protection function of the system of reorganization and settlement for bankruptcy; and 10. making full use of information technologies to facilitate the enforcement work. Among others, the Opinions call for bans on seizure of property beyond the permitted scope and strict prohibitions against seizure of property of persons who are not involved in a case, adding that efforts should be made to unblock the relief channels to investigate and control property, step up supervision, and prevent unlawful enforcement or excessive enforcement measures that undermine the usefulness of enterprises' property and their normal business operations.

盈科评论：《意见》的出台能有效发挥人民法院执行职能作用，积极应对疫情带来的不利影响，同时，也为胜诉当事人及时回笼资金，减轻资金周转压力，提供有力司法服务和保障。

Yingke Comments： The promulgation of the "Opinions" can effectively exert the executive function of the people's courts, and actively respond to the adverse impacts caused by the epidemic. At the same time, it can also return funds to the winning parties in a timely manner, reduce the pressure on capital turnover, and provide powerful judicial services and guarantees.

2. 最高法发布审理涉疫情民事案件若干问题指导意见（二）

SPC Releases Guiding Opinions (II) on Several Issues concerning Trial of COVID-19 Epidemic Related Civil Cases

背景摘要：近日，最高人民法院发出《关于依法妥善审理涉新冠肺炎疫情民事案件若干问题的指导意见（二）》（下称《意见》）。

Background Information：The Supreme People's Court ("SPC") has recently distributed the Guiding Opinions (II) on Several Issues concerning Law-based and Proper Trial of Civil Cases Related to the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Epidemic (the "Opinions").

《意见》聚焦受疫情影响较大的买卖合同、房屋租赁合同、金融合同、医疗保险和企业破产等案件类型，其内容主要包括：一是把服务保障“六保”作为“六稳”工作着力点，通过破产重整、破产和解和强化善意文明执行的理念，化解企业债务危机，保市场主体。二是依法审理买卖合同纠纷案件，保产业链供应链。三是依法审理教育培训、医疗保险合同纠纷，回应民生需要。四是有效贯彻落实国家在疫情期间出台的一系列惠企、惠民政策，服务保障经济社会发展。其中，对于社会广泛关注的问题，如线下培训合同受疫情影响无法正常履行、未成年人参与网络付费游戏和网络打赏纠纷、受疫情影响可能引发的商业医疗保险纠纷等，《意见》均进行了详细规定。

The Opinions focus on cases involving sales contracts, property lease contracts, financial contracts, medical insurance, corporate bankruptcy, etc. that are greatly affected by the epidemic, and provide clarifications in four aspects. The first is taking serving and ensuring "six guarantees" as an important approach to achieve "stabilization in six areas", and defusing the debt crisis facing enterprises through bankruptcy reorganization, bankruptcy reconciliation and improvement of the well-intentioned and civilized enforcement, so as to shore up market players. The second is trying cases involving disputes over sales contracts in accordance with the law to stabilize industrial and supply chains. The third is trying cases involving disputes over educational training or medical insurance contracts in accordance with the law to respond to the needs of people's livelihoods. And the fourth is effectively implementing an array of preferential policies announced amid the ongoing epidemic by the State for the benefit of enterprises and citizens, to serve and safeguard economic and social development. Among others, in response to issues that arouse great concern in the general public, including the impossibility of performance of the offline training contracts due to the impact of the epidemic, the dispute over money paid by minors on online games and tips given by them to hosts of live streaming platforms, and possible disputes over commercial medical insurance arising from the impact of the epidemic, the Opinions give detailed explanations on these issues.

盈科评论：该《意见》是在今年4月20日出台的《指导意见（一）》的基础上，对合同、金融以及破产纠纷案件提出了更进一步的具体审理意见，同时也针对疫情期间民众较为关注的话题进行了详细规定。

Yingke Comments：The "Opinions" are based on the "Guiding Opinions (I)" issued on April 20 this year, and provide further specific opinions on the contract, financial and bankruptcy disputes, and meanwhile, the public's concerns is also specified in detail.

商业热点 Business Focus

3. 国资委部署加强重大经营风险事件报告工作

SASAC Announces Arrangements for Intensifying the Reporting of Major Operational Risk Events

新闻综述：近日，国务院国有资产监督管理委员会办公厅下发《关于加强重大经营风险事件报告工作有关事项的通知》（下称《通知》）。

News Brief：The General Office of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission ("SASAC") of the State Council has recently issued the Circular on Matters concerning Improving the Work on Reporting Major Operational Risk Events (the "Circular").

《通知》规定，各中央企业要根据本《通知》要求，结合企业实际，于2020年6月30日前制定完善重大经营风险事件报告工作制度，并报送国资委综合监督局。《通知》进一步明确，中央企业发生重大经营风险事件或内控缺陷，致使出现“对实现年度经营业绩目标影响超过5%或造成重大资产损失风险”等情形之一的，应当及时报告国资委。《通知》还强调，国资委将加强对中央企业重大经营风险事件报告和整改落实工作的监督检查，对迟报、漏报、瞒报重大经营风险事件或落实整改工作不力的中央企业印发提示函或通报，情节严重的严肃追究相关人员责任。

The Circular reads that each central enterprise shall, as per the requirements set out in the Circular and in light of its actual situation, lay down and improve its working mechanism for reporting of major operational risk events by June 30, 2020, and submit it to the Bureau of Comprehensive Supervision of the SASAC. The Circular further clarifies that a central enterprise shall timely report to the SASAC on a major operational risk event or a flaw in internal control that has arisen, if such event or flaw will "affect over 5% of the expected annual business performance or give rise to significant risks of asset loss", or under some other circumstances as given. Additionally, the Circular stresses that the SASAC will step up supervisory checks of the efforts made by central enterprises to report major operational risk events and make rectification to deliver the reporting requirement, issue reminders or circulate notices of criticism over those central enterprises that delay, evade or conceal the reporting of any major operational risk events or that fail to make adequate rectification to deliver the reporting requirement, and seriously hold the relevant personnel liable if the situations are grave.

盈科评论：《通知》要求建立健全重大经营风险事件报告工作机制，主要对重大经营风险事件的报告范围予以定义，并规定了报告程序，明确了续报要求。《通知》能有效加强对敏感性信息的识别及预判预警，做到重大风险早发现、早报告、早处置。

Yingke Comments：The Circular, which mainly defines the reporting scope of major business risk events, stipulates the reporting procedures, and clarifies the renewal requirements, requires the establishment and improvement of a reporting mechanism for major business risk events. Circular can effectively strengthen the identification and early warning of sensitive information, so that major risks can be discovered, reported and handled early.

官方政策解读 Policy Interpretation

《网络安全审查办法》答记者问

“Cybersecurity Review Measures” to Answer Reporters' Questions

近日，国家互联网信息办公室、国家发改委等12个部门联合发布了《网络安全审查办法》（以下简称《办法》）。国家互联网信息办公室有关负责人就《办法》相关问题回答了记者的提问。

Recently, 12 departments including the National Internet Information Office and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "Cybersecurity Review Measures" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"). The relevant person in charge of the State Internet Information Office answered questions from reporters on questions related to the Measures.

问：请您介绍一下《办法》出台的背景？

Q: Could you please introduce the background of the "Measure"?

答：关键信息基础设施对国家安全、经济安全、社会稳定、公众健康和安全至关重要。我国建立网络安全审查制度，目的是通过网络安全审查这一举措，及早发现并避免采购产品和服务给关键信息基础设施运行带来风险和危害，保障关键信息基础设施供应链安全，维护国家安全。《办法》的出台，为我国开展网络安全审查工作提供了重要的制度保障。

A: Critical information infrastructure is of vital importance to national security, economic security, social stability, public health and safety. China establishes a cybersecurity review system, the purpose of which is to find and avoid the risks and harms caused by the procurement of products and services to the operation of critical information infrastructure as early as possible through cybersecurity review, to ensure the security of the critical information infrastructure supply chain and maintain national security. The promulgation of the "Measures" provides an important system guarantee for China's network security review.

问：网络安全审查的法律依据是什么？

Q: What is the legal basis for cybersecurity review?

答：网络安全审查是依据《国家安全法》《网络安全法》开展的一项工作。《国家安全法》第五十九条规定，国家建立国家安全审查和监管的制度和机制，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的网络信息技术产品和服务，以及其他重大事项和活动，进行国家安全审查。《网络安全法》第三十五条规定，“关键信息基础设施的运营者采购网络产品和服务，可能影响国家安全的，应当通过国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门组织的国家安全审查”。

A: Cybersecurity review is a work carried out in accordance with the National Security Law and the Cybersecurity Law. Article 59 of the National Security Law stipulates that the state establishes national security review and supervision systems and mechanisms to conduct national security reviews of network information technology products and services that affect or may affect national security, as well as other major matters and activities . Article 35 of the Cybersecurity Law stipulates that “when operators of critical information infrastructure purchase network products and services may affect national security, they should pass the national security review organized by the national cybersecurity department in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council.

问：网络安全审查主要审查哪些内容？

Q: What are the main contents of cybersecurity review?

答：网络安全审查重点评估关键信息基础设施运营者采购网络产品和服务可能带来的国家安全风险，包括：产品和服务使用后带来的关键信息基础设施被非法控制、遭受干扰或破坏，以及重要数据被窃取、泄露、毁损的风险；产品和服务供应中断对关键信息基础设施业务连续性的危害；产品和服务的安全性、开放性、透明性、来源的多样性，供应渠道的可靠性以及因为政治、外交、贸易等因素导致供应中断的风险；产品和服务提供者遵守中国法律、行政法规、部门规章情况；其他可能危害关键信息基础设施安全和国家安全的因素。

A: The cyber security review focuses on assessing the national security risks that key information infrastructure operators may procure cyber products and services,including：the risk that the critical information infrastructure caused by the use of products and services is illegally controlled, interfered or destroyed, and the theft, leakage, and damage of important data; the disruption of the supply of products and services to the business continuity of critical information infrastructure ; product and service safety, openness, transparency, diversity of sources, reliability of supply channels, and risk of supply disruption due to political, diplomatic, and the circumstances that product and service providers comply with Chinese laws, administrative regulations, and departmental regulations; other factors that may jeopardize the security of critical information infrastructure and national security.

问：哪些网络运营者采购产品和服务需要考虑申报网络安全审查？

Which network operators purchase products and services need to consider applying for cyber security review?

答：关键信息基础设施运营者采购网络产品和服务，影响或可能影响国家安全的，应当按照《办法》进行网络安全审查。

If critical information infrastructure operators purchase network products and services that affect or may affect national security, they should conduct cybersecurity reviews in accordance with the Measures.

根据中央网络安全和信息化委员会《关于关键信息基础设施安全保护工作有关事项的通知》精神，电信、广播电视、能源、金融、公路水路运输、铁路、民航、邮政、水利、应急管理、卫生健康、社会保障、国防科技工业等行业领域的重要网络和信息系统运营者在采购网络产品和服务时，应当按照《办法》要求考虑申报网络安全审查。

According to the spirit of the “Notice on Matters Related to the Safety Protection of Key Information Infrastructure” of the Central Cyber Security and Information Technology Commission, the operators of important networks and information systems in the fields of telecommunications, radio and television, energy, finance, road and water transportation, railways, civil aviation, postal services, water conservancy, emergency management, health, social security, defense technology industry and other industries should consider applying for cyber security review in accordance with the requirements of the "Measures", when purchasing network products and services.

问：何时申报网络安全审查？

Q: When should a cybersecurity review be declared?

答：通常情况下，关键信息基础设施运营者应当在与产品和服务提供方正式签署合同前申报网络安全审查。如果在签署合同后申报网络安全审查，建议在合同中注明此合同须在产品和服务采购通过网络安全审查后方可生效，以避免因为没有通过网络安全审查而造成损失。

A: Under normal circumstances, critical information infrastructure operators should declare cyber security review before signing a contract with the product and service provider. If you declare a cybersecurity review after signing a contract, it is recommended that the contract indicate that this contract must take effect after the procurement of products and services has passed the cybersecurity review to avoid loss due to failure to pass the cybersecurity review.

问：网络安全审查有无时限要求？

Q: Is there a time limit for cybersecurity review?

答：通常情况下，网络安全审查在45个工作日内完成，情况复杂的会延长15个工作日。

A: Normally, the cybersecurity review shall be completed within 45 working days. If the situation is complicated, it will be extended for 15 working days.

进入特别审查程序的审查项目，可能还需要45个工作日或者更长。

It may take an extra 45 working days or longer to enter the review items of the special review process.

根据《办法》要求，补充提供材料的时间不计入审查时限。

According to the requirements of the Measures, the time for supplementary provision of materials is not included in the review time limit.

问：审查过程中如何保证关键信息基础设施运营者及产品和服务提供者的商业秘密和知识产权？

Q: How to ensure the business secrets and intellectual property rights of critical information infrastructure operators and product and service providers during the review process?

答：网络安全审查充分尊重和严格保护企业的知识产权。《办法》规定，参与网络安全审查的相关机构和人员应严格保护企业商业秘密和知识产权，对关键信息基础设施运营者、产品和服务提供者提交的未公开材料，以及审查工作中获悉的其他未公开信息承担保密义务；未经信息提供方同意，不得向无关方披露或用于审查以外的目的。关键信息基础设施运营者或产品和服务提供者认为审查人员有失客观公正，或未能对审查工作中获悉的信息承担保密义务的，可以向网络安全审查办公室或有关部门举报。

A: Cybersecurity review fully respects and strictly protects the intellectual property rights of enterprises. The Measures stipulate that relevant institutions and personnel involved in cybersecurity reviews should strictly protect corporate business secrets and intellectual property rights, should bear the obligation of confidentiality on undisclosed materials submitted by key information infrastructure operators, product and service providers, and other undisclosed information learned during the review; without the consent of the information provider, it may not be disclosed to unrelated parties or used for purposes other than review. If the critical information infrastructure operator or product and service provider believes that the reviewer is unfair and impartial, or fails to undertake the obligation of confidentiality of the information learned during the review, they may report to the network security review office or relevant department.

问：网络安全审查是否会限制或歧视国外产品和服务？

Q: Will cybersecurity reviews restrict or discriminate against foreign products and services?

答：《办法》明确规定了要审查的内容，从中可以看出，网络安全审查的目的是维护国家网络安全，不是要限制或歧视国外产品和服务。

A: The Measures clearly stipulate the content to be reviewed. It can be seen from this that the purpose of cybersecurity review is to maintain national cybersecurity, not to restrict or discriminate against foreign products and services.

对外开放是我们的基本国策，我们欢迎国外产品和服务进入中国市场的政策没有改变。

Opening to the outside world is our basic national policy. Our policy of welcoming foreign products and services into the Chinese market has not changed.

问：违反《办法》规定应承担哪些法律责任？

Q: What legal responsibilities should be born in violation of the "Measures"?

答：根据《网络安全法》第六十五条规定，应当申报网络安全审查而没有申报的，或者使用网络安全审查未通过的产品和服务，由有关主管部门责令停止使用，处采购金额一倍以上十倍以下罚款；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。

A: According to the article 65 of Cybersecurity Law, if the entities which should apply for cybersecurity review does not apply, or use products and/or services which have not undergo or have failed in the security review, the entities shall be ordered by the competent authority to stop such use and shall be subject to a fine equivalent to more than 1 but less than 10 times the purchase price, and the supervisor directly in charge and other directly liable persons shall be subject to a fine of ranging from 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan.

问：网络安全审查向谁申报？

Q: To whom should the cybersecurity review be reported?

答：根据《办法》，网络安全审查办公室设在国家互联网信息办公室。具体工作委托中国网络安全审查技术与认证中心承担。

A: According to the Measures, the Cybersecurity Review Office is located at the Cyberspace Administration of China. The specific work was entrusted to the China Cybersecurity Review Technology and Certification Center.

中国网络安全审查技术与认证中心在网络安全审查办公室的指导下，承担接收申报材料、对申报材料进行形式审查、具体组织审查工作等任务。

Under the guidance of the Cybersecurity Review Office, the China Cybersecurity Review Technology and Certification Center undertakes the tasks of receiving the notification materials, conducting a formal review of the notification materials, and specifically organizing the review work.

本文版权归作者沈彦炜所有。

作者简介：沈彦炜